Merging Of Old And New Architecture

integrate Of Old And New ArchitectureHuman existence reaping in our planet has gaind in a whirlwind over the erst go(prenominal) few decades. The on- tone ending increase of the world population like a shotadays trinitys to greater demand of providing build surroundings for the commonwealth. On the another(prenominal) hand, although the population is growing, the man is non. People set aside make believe to build more than in a land that stay constantly the equal(p). The fast changes of built environment dedicate become one of the results.In capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore, fast changes of environmental surrounding prevail now become so common that people great power observe it as a habit and pattern of life. People magnate pull round in one atomic number 18a for just couple of months and suddenly their environment is no longer the same. New constructions atomic number 18 added, virtu soloy ar macrocosm destroyed and replaced. T he main reason is beca physical exertion of the minimum land argona they deliver, that essential runs concurrently with the population increase. To meet the demand of peoples need that is constantly ever- changing and increasing, the built environment is adapting in a fast pace too. livelihood in a condition that is continuously changing has left a genuine bad imp prompt of ones life. A serving of Singaporeans, especi ally the untried generations own no glimpse of what happened in the yesteryear. They be growing up in this modern environment, with the expectation of an endless changing. none knowing the ult means that we atomic number 18 heading our way to a future without well-educated our own chronicle and culture, leaving behind all of what our ancestors had given. While others are sufficient to trace back their root and heritage, we usher outt. Others are able to consider from their own history, we pottyt. This is also creating a boredom, to except look pr eliminary and postponement for something reinvigorated.Whereby our surrounding require to be altered according to peoples need, we also have a call to start learning to know our history and originality. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the solutions to this problem may be just a simple act that has been forgotten by most graphic spiriters. We mum can have both(prenominal) the originality of the edifices with the combination of untried function to be added on, poseing peoples need that is constantly changing. prodigal changes built environment as the result of the increase population and peoples inevitably have caused individuals not to know their past. By place unitedly the honest-to-goodnessish and rude(a)fangled computer computer architecture, people result have a glimpse on their history while still having their needs fulfilled. The set about leave alone be examine how the disused and contemporary architects have done the conflux of the dickens.II. Th e Future of The prehistoricThe issue of Singaporean Young Generation to grow up without knowing their own culture and heritage.1. Fast Changes of Built Environment in SingaporeData from the construction sector in Singapore has shown a fast growth since the past few decades. The development of construction sector in Singapore since 1982 to 1992 is 12.5 percent while since 1992 to 1998 the growth expanded to 15.9 percent. Until the year 1990, on that flower is 6,813,376m2 floor area of fresh establishments completed. Moreover, up till the year of 2010 the growth has increased from 15.9 percent to 20.3 percent. (Building Construction Authority, 2010)One aspect that is causing this fast growth of built construction sector is the increase of peoples population. Data from Singapore Statistics (Singapore Statistics, 2010) shows that in 2010 the number of population reaches 5,076,7000 people, while in 1980 the population is wholly 2,413,900 people. From the data above, it is shown tha t increase of population runs concurrently with the construction sector. We can analysed that collectible to the expansion of Singapore population, the necessities of people is growing as well. This issue ordain hence leads to the obligation of government to build more in erect to fulfil peoples needs.2. Fast Changes Built Environment in Singapore direct Towards The Unknowing of The PastMM Lee Kuan Yew once state in his speech at the inaugural Future China Global meeting place Meeting on Wednesday, July 17th 2010, that Singaporeans are ignorant. (Temasek Review, 2010). One of the biggest issues of ignorance in Singapore is where the young generations not aware of what happened in the past. What if it is not the effort that they are intentionally ignoring what had happened in the past? What if it occurs because of no traces left from the past as the result of fast changes in their living environment?B. Lessons from The Past1. record Value of The PastBy recognising our own history, we do not only know what had happened in the past and also learn from it. scape N. Stearns (Historians, 2008) , once said that history puts human experience in a situation whereby it deed overs us to understand ourselves as a people and a culture. It gives us a reference to consider the possible future earlier of us. For examples, journals, newspapers and other religious books become more relevant to know what is going on in that measure period.Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to ring it. (Santayana, 2005) on the other hand, with no doubt, knowing the past means also that we are aware of the mistakes done back then. It helps us understand past triumphs and tragedies, and gives us the tools to try and succeed where others have failed. It willing be functioned as a guideline to illustrate our future in order to lead a better life in the future where we will not go down to the same hole again.2. Memories How We Recall The Pastmany very different things happen when we remember (Wittgenstein, 1974, pp. 181). Memories are another sweetheart depicting the past. How we recall and store every scene in the past is by memories. What has gone in the past shall live in our memories forever. We might forget the past without memories, and moreover the things that we cant let go of might stay forever in our mind even though they are really gone. Memories play a certain roles in recalling the past.C. Architecture in The Past versus New ArchitectureCharacteristics of Old ArchitectureThe study of traditionalistic architecture proved that in general on that point are identifiable patterns and forms in variety settings and variety purposes. Old builds are usually designed by classification or by typological approach. Each flake had certain diagnostic that differentiates from others, and this will often be repeated in the design. For the spaces inside, they are typically designed as a solid body. They are perpetually been rooms and solid s paces as to part one space from another.As for the functional purposes of sexagenarian architectureHow Traditional Architecture Different from modern-day Architecture2.1 Development of The FunctionsContemporary architecture has developed rapidly, adjusting to human needs that are constantly changing. The main thing that differs traditional and contemporary architecture is the development of the functions. One of the examples is the establishment of department store in 1838. The increase of peoples possession on goods and daily needs is the main reason of the origin of department store, whereby people will be able to buy all salmagundis of their needs in one area. At the old time, all cheats were standing(a) alone people will have to venture to one shop to another to get all their needs.Le Bon March Paris, France 18502.2 Development of The FormsMoreover, it is the characteristic of old building that is abandoned by new architecture. Repetitive forms are now used in a very littl e manner, while new forms are being introduced more.(will be explained more in the adjoining semester)Le Bon March Paris, Shinsegae Centum City Busan,France (1850) South Korea (2010)D. Historical Approach The regularity of unite old and new architecture in the pastThe project of combining old and new architecture is not a entirely new approach, whereby it has been done in the past.1. commode Ruskin1.1 The Sixth Lamp of Architecture Lamp of storeJohn Ruskin was an English art critic and theorist. He wrote an extended essay about principle in architecture, The Seven Lamps of Architecture. At the sixth point of his essay, The Memory, Ruskins clearly stated that thither are cardinal duties respecting national architecture the first is to re resign the architecture of the day and the second is to preserve, what is the most infrequent of inheritances from the past ages. (Ruskin, 1849) What Ruskin means by Memory is that architecture should have some regards to the culture and time where it has developed. Every building has its own beauty regarding its time being.Ruskin (2008, pp. 4-5) believed that every building especially domestic and residential building have some stirred up aspect towards owner and space users. There are certain elements inside that cannot be renewed or replaced.1.2 recurrence as a Form of LieEven more, according to Ruskin (2008, pp. 15) riposte is a form of lie. We may make the same skeleton of the old building, or even portraying the exact same interior of the old. But still, the old building is destroyed, there will be no more emotional connection with people, whereby what they really connected with has gone, even after being replaced with something that is simply the same.It will be better to have a robustly built mental synthesis that is strong passable to stand for quite sometimes, earlier than having a building that is only last for a generation. Moreover, it is the nature of a building to have practically longer life span than man. So why should we build one that requires changes after only short times, where actually it can be strongly remained?2. Eugne Viollet- le-Duc2.1 Restorations of Medieval BuildingsDifferent from Ruskin, Viollet- le-Duc was well know for his restorations projects of medieval buildings. When Ruskin strongly argued that restoration is a lie, Viollet- le-Duc has his own view on restorations projects.Restorations on medieval buildings appeared in France in the early 1830s, whereby there was a concern on medieval buildings that were slowly destructed as time goes by. Viollet- le-Duc was then firstly commissioned to restore Cathedral of Narbonne in 1839.As an architect and theorist, Viollet- le-Duc (Viollet- le-Duc, as cited in Levine, 2009, pp. 152) argued that what was lacking in the restoration field is the truth. A lot of French architects were making imitations objects, whereby the restorations were all look exactly the same with the old building before it destroyed.Viol let- le-Duc, aligned with Ruskins view about restoration as a form of lie, also believed that by imitating what has been there in the old buildings before and just directly made a newer magnetic variation of it will bring no truth to the whole point of restorations. Restoration will be seen just to renew and renew the buildings whereby actually the originality of the buildings will be keep lacking.Viollet- le-Duc (Levine, 2009, pp. 154) then introduced a method of restoring with achieving something new and valid. He took what is the most important element in the old building still using it but with the combination of creative modification. He pushed restorations to be beyond the limit and therefore leads to the era of Modernism.2.2 Theory of hut(Viollet- le-Duc Theory of Hut about taking the original elements of the old building and convert them into something new will be cover in the beside semester)E. The Values of Merging Old and New Architecture1. Unconventional twist created by merging old and new architectureHaving both the originality of spaces with the new function will surely bring new sensation of the interior spaces (Conran, as cited in Niesewand, 1998, pp. 01) Imagine a sitting room with a church richly ceiling, a take formspace with the sunray glazes on the floor of a seaside nominate. We can get both the new function without sacrificing the beauty of old. The emergency of people is fulfilled, but now in a different unique ways. This will affect people in various ways Fulfilment of necessity achieved in old environment, whereby in contradiction it is something new for people. People will perceive the old as a new thing as the function is now changing. Unconsciously, the space users will be in two different periods of time in a same place. This will provide the people some feelings of always being in different places all the time. virtuallyhow, this is actually a benefit for people, especially Singaporean to be able to have two sensations i n their spaces. Singaporean with the habit of living in fiddling space due to land constraint will now be able to widen their view, although still being in the small space.2. Transitional Spaces Between The Old and NewTransitional spaces in architecture are commonly known as the connector of interior and outside of the building. The use of transitional space is as a comfort regularize as well as buffer spaces where people are allowed to adjust their selves before going to the different area.According to the definition of transitional spaces (UCL, 2005), it is articulate as a cross point where it connects the two. In the field of merging old and new architecture, these transitional spaces are now functioned not as the connector of outdoor and indoor, but amongst the old and new. It can be a space between the interior and exterior, between the exteriors or between interiors as long as it is a linkage from the old to the new.(Case studies of transitional spaces in between old and n ew buildings will be covered next semester)3. Economically sizeable marketWith no doubt, reusing an vivacious building will bring a great economic wages. Compared to build a new fabric, using an old building will only takes 50% to 70% construction works and therefore is less time eat as well. (Cramer, 2007, pp.9) Moreover, demolition of old building nowadays is being perceived as an ecological waste. New building means taking more of the natural resources as substantive sources. Why would we want to take more from earth if we still could do alteration of exist building complex body part? It is wiser for us to provide more natural resources for the next generation rather than using them to the maximum limit now.Moreover, for the space users themselves, it is another economic advantage to utilise a readymade building than building a new one. The woo will definitely be higher to build a new social structure than to reuse the old.4. Challenging The Creativity of DesignersDesigne rs nowadays have been so caught up with the thought that creativity is to be searchd to the highest point, whereby to create something in the existing building is a restriction of creativity. (Cramer, 2007, pp.9) On the other hand, in the practice, it is actually a greater chance for designers and architects to explore their potential and creativity in the field of designing with old establishment.While designing the new structure, there is no constraint and rules that will bind the designer. Designers will have to explore and put more thoughts when it comes to old buildings. There are a lot of sources inside the old that designers will have to incorporate with their new design features. This will require more creativity from the designers.F. The ways of merging the old and new1. Converted Architecture new use for old buildingsLukas Feiress (Feiress, 2009, pp. 03) stated that we have to locate the present between the past and the future. In the present state, we cannot deny what h as happened in the past, but still we need to look forward to the future. Converted architecture is a term of changing the use or function of an original building, especially the old and abandoned.Terence Conran, (Conran, as cited in Niesewand, 1988, pp.06) once said, How we use space and particularly how we live in it, requires a building complex balancing act between practical limitations, individual requirements and personal preferences. Requirements of individual needs and personal preferences are a key to born-again architecture. Some people may choose triple volume height diffuse space for living while others may not. Than maybe an old check or old church is more suitable for them. To convert an old building means that we are maximising the use of what is already there with some adjustments of new functions.We might want to retain the old structure or forms of the existing skin with adding a new function on to it. The essay will gives examples that some of the greatest cont emporary architecture projects are actually done with the engagement of existing building structures.There are two approaches of how the old and new come together as a wholeBlend InThe new addition of function is blending in with the existing old fabric. They are now look connatural and smoothly integrated. Various elements are used to bind the old and new together. It could be in terms of material, colours, or design of new structure that follows the old. Peoples view is being blurred, as they may perceive the new as the old or vice versa. Blend in could be use as the guideline to design the transitional spaces between the two.Neues Museum, Berlin Germany David Chipperfield(Case studies of Neues museum, Berlin by David Chipperfield as to bring the old and new as a whole whereby the new blended in with the old by the use of colour and material will be explored more in the next semester)ContrastThe new function is intentionally designed in contrast with the old building. By treatin g it this way, space users will subconsciously feel as if theyre in two places in the same time.Museum of Sydney Australia 1983Firstly built for the governors house on 1788, rebuilt for the Museum of Sydney on 1983 (further explained in next semester about how the architect is successful in separate the new element but still harmonious with the old)Different types of building conversion to create contrastAdd OnIndicating the potentials of adding on a new structure to the existing building. There are no changes at all of the old building. New spaces being laid and extended onto existing fabric. The example shows that existing architecture and new structure form minutely imaginative balance although with two different elements.House at St Kevins course by Odos ArchitectsInside-OutExploring the interior space of the old building. The original look of the existing site remains unchanged, but concentrating on the interior spaces. This type of converting is in line with conservation procedure to maintain the exterior of a historic building.Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore Netherland (former church turned to bookstore)Change ClothesThe polar of Inside-Out, whereby the approach is now to completely change the exterior faade of old building. New shell is now put to replace the existing fabric. This organization of converting can be done for many old buildings that had gone done massive destruction of the exterior through ages and other for the optimisation of buildings shell. bunny rabbit Lane by Adam Kalkin (former factory turned to a house)(All of the case studies will be furthered explained in the next semester)2. Types of building to be convertedIt is not necessarily to be a historical building to be converted, but any old and abandoned structure. The main reason of merging the old and new architecture together is for people, especially young generation, to get to know their own culture and how life back there was like. Ruskin (Ruskin, as cited in Cramer, 200 7, pp.15) said that The esthetical cheer of something was closely linked to its age, and this aesthetic value should not be impaired by modern intervention. John Ruskin has stated that every building have their own beauty, their own business leader to tell story about their own time being. It is not only the historical buildings that are able to tell us what happened in the past, but any other old buildings also.Potential types of buildings to be converted2.1 ecclesiastical buildingA lot of ecclesiastical buildings are vacant nowadays. The most common reason is because of the need to have more spacious fiction space. It leads to create a single larger unit meeting space from combining two or three churches together and left other buildings empty. The value of a churchlike building is that they are spacious and tall enough to accommodate a lot of spaces. They are suitable for living or gathering spaces that require more time inside the space such(prenominal) as caf or restaurant . Larger spaces inside the church will allow people to feel more comfortable where they have to stay in quite long time.White Rabbit Restaurant Dempsey Hill Singapore (Former old chapel building)2.2 Municipal buildingMunicipal buildings are places that are own by government, they have high position in topical anesthetic community such as police station, government hospital or schools. These buildings are usually built near to the main road or access area. They are highly accessible and this also becomes the value of municipal buildings. They are suitable for commercial places such as retail or hospitality, as usually located at the heartland of a city.Fullerton Hotel- Singapore (Former oecumenic Post Office building)2.3 Commercial buildingOld commercial building, especially in Singapore, such as the old shop houses are more likely to become vacant as the result of changes in working patterns. There are now trends to group all commercial spaces together in business or urban areas , such as the grouping of shopping areas along Orchard Road along the way to Marina. The value of old commercial space is that they are tent not to have much decoration. They are often monotonous all look the same and therefore allowed more new adjustments to be made.House at No. 12 Kong Seen Road Singapore by Richard Ho (former shop house building)2.4 Industrial and OfficesIndustrial and offices are designed to be practical and utile rather than beautiful. Creativity of designers is challenged the most in converting industrial spaces and offices. It is the nature of industrial buildings to be ignored by passers by and it is the designers job to transform them into much more attractive with still retaining some parts of them. The value of this kind of buildings is they are usually very practical in the adjacency of spaces inside. Spaces work perfectly for the benefit of the users.(case study will be explained in the next semester)G. How will the space users cope with the new way of experiencing spaces based on the psychological effects from the above studies?The obstacles that people may face in coping with two elements at once.Will they get used to the changing of spaces inside?The adjustments by the space users and the design as well.(Will be explored in the next semester)